Chapter 6, lesson 1                            

 

Working and Trading

 

Pg. 203

 

1.       What problem did surgeons’ apprentices have during operations? How did they solve this problem? How is this problem solved today?

 

Apprentices had to keep patients from moving during operations by holding them down. Today anesthesia is used.

 

2.       How was work in cities and towns similar to work on farms for young workers? How was it different?

 

Similar: They had just as much work to do. Different: Workers in the city became specialized apprentices. Farm workers gathered wood, served food, helped in the garden. Older farm workers hunted, chopped firewood, worked in the fields, and made household products.

 

3.       What was the second step in the candle-making process in the 1700’s?

 

The second step was dipping a wick into the melted fat and letting it harden. This process was repeated over and over until the wick had a thick layer of hardened fat, called tallow, coating it.

 

Pg. 203 review question

 

Do you think it was more difficult to work as an apprentice or on a farm? Why?

 

Many people might think it was more difficult to be an apprentice because you worked for a stranger for long hours and little pay; on a farm you likely worked for your family.

 

Pg. 204 Colonists at Work

 

4.       Which jobs were related to providing food? Tools? Clothing?

 

Food: fisherman, miller, merchant

Tools: blacksmith, cooper, merchant

Clothing: shoemaker, merchant, dressmaker

 

  1. Which jobs still exist today? Which do not or are rare?

 

Exist today: fisherman, printer, surveyor, and merchant

Less common: shoemaker and dressmaker

Rare: blacksmith, cooper, miller

 

Pg. 205, Colonial Economies

  1. In which region did slaves play a role in producing goods?

 

Slaves played a major role in the Southern Colonies.

 

  1. How are the natural resources and climate of the Southern Colonies related to their industry?

 

     The rich soil, warm weather, and plentiful rain of the Southern Colonies made it possible to grow cash crops such as tobacco, indigo, and rice.

 

  1. Which crop is an important product of the Middle Colonies?

 

Wheat was an important crop to the Middle Colonies.

 

 

Map Skill question pg. 205

 

In which region did fishing play an important role?

 

Fishing played an important role in the New England Colonies.

 

Pg. 205 Review Question

Compare the important products of the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies.

New England Colonies: timber, fish, ships, and fur

Middle Colonies: wheat, iron, cattle, and fur

Southern Colonies: tobacco, rice, indigo

Pg. 206 - 207, Colonial Trade Routes

  1. Which goods did the colonies import from England? Which did they export to England?

Imports: tools, clothing, and manufactured goods

Exports: timber, grain, tobacco, and rice

  1.  Why do you think Boston and New York became thriving trade centers?

They were both port cities, located on the coast where ships set sail and landed.

  1. What do you visualize when you read Equiano’s words on pg. 206?

Hundreds of slaves unable to move; bound together with chains on a ship.

  1. Summarize three possible outcomes for Africans after being captured and brought to slave ships.
    1. They might die on the middle passage from starvation, disease, or mistreatment.
    2. They might remain enslaved in the West Indies.
    3. They could become enslaved in the colonies.

Pg. 207 Review Question

How were the first and second legs of a triangular trade route different?

            The first leg carried goods from England to the west coast of Africa. The second leg, or middle passage, carried enslaved African people.